Iceland's parliament had backed the deal, but President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson refused to sign it, triggering the referendum.
When Gorriti's work visa expired the following year, however, the Panamanian government refused to renew it, triggering a storm of criticism from international press NGOs and domestic opposition parties.
The olive branch that Pope Francis offered to gays last year when he refused to condemn homosexuality is triggering a historic change in attitudes – and probably an overhaul of doctrine, experts said today, after cardinals issued their most liberal statement to date on sexuality.
They then license or swap the patents "essential" to this standard under "fair and reasonable" conditions.Of apps and scrapsNot being used to such a collectivist set-up, Apple refused to pay up, which triggered the first big legal skirmish over smart-phones.
The Senate, which was controlled by Democrats, refused to pass those bills, triggering a shutdown that lasted for 16 days.
The Prince, however, feared these moves would trigger separatist movements and refused to comply; instead, at the urging of his father, he declared Brazil an independent Nation on 7 September 1822, leading to the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a constitutional monarchy.
The mayhem was triggered when Mr Agius refused to serve Buck more alcohol, after topping up his glass 15 times in the course of the 10-hour flight from Seattle to London, where REM were due to play a "Freedom Day" concert in Trafalgar Square in honour of Nelson Mandela.
The British government refused to apologise on behalf of the newspapers, hence triggering tensions between the two countries.
However, the Labour confidence vote does not automatically trigger a leadership election and Corbyn refused to quit.
Refused to load the trains, or pull the trigger?
