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The year of construction and usage of each building is available, whereas building types and subsequent refurbishment information data are missing for some buildings.
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In contrast, another study took a top-down approach where management decided to install a combination of electric powered and manually operated sit-stand desks for all staff in an office refurbishment with little information provided to employers on how to use the new desks, resulting in varying degrees of uptake in desk use while standing up [ 17].
A systematic method should also be used in the dissemination of information about recommended refurbishment concepts for designers.
The Foresight report involves setting up a number of groups to examine the issues of housing; repair, refurbishment and reuse of facilities; sustainable materials; information and communication technology; business, globalization and commerce; and safe construction.
It takes 2 3 h and can be used to provide information about the building envelope for the future refurbishment of existing buildings or to check the thermal behaviour of new building façades according to their design parameters.
This paper studies the market and process optimization and proposals for information management aspects considering the need for developed business models in refurbishment.
The investigation supplies essential information to formulate the market entrance policy for new buildings and the refurbishment policy for existing buildings to encourage the development of energy efficient technology.
Building Information Modelling, new paradigm of digital design and management, shows great potential for the refurbishment process, as it represents a possible way out of criticalities that occur in documentation and preservation of existing assets, if connected to cognitive automation.
The plan also calls for a new cafe and information center to enliven Astor Hall just inside the Fifth Avenue entrance, wireless Internet access throughout the building, refurbishment of branch libraries and the creation of two new libraries in Upper Manhattan and Staten Island.
Refurbishment, too, is costly.
We have a £380m school refurbishment programme.
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