With refrigeration scarce and refrigerated trucks scarcer, shipping American beer was then hard; most breweries served only local markets.
With no refrigeration facilities, and bodies and body parts piling up in the alley near the quake-triggered landslide that covered Las Colinas in a wall of dirt, there was little choice but mass burial, said coroner Mario Alfredo Hernandez.
In much of the developing world there are no currently feasible alternatives to fossil fuels that can ensure power for basic needs, such as heating, clean water and refrigeration.
Alongside them comes a steady stream of down-to-earth tradesmen: heating engineers, roofing experts, glaziers, refrigeration and insulation specialists.
In Europe, hot water from 50 or so district-heating networks is now also used to power thermal air-conditioning, according to Ursula Eicker, a refrigeration expert at the Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences in Germany.She expects that this number will rise as efficiencies improve.
Just keeping the lights on and the refrigeration running can be a challenge: the national gene-bank in Kenya almost lost its collection when it could not afford to pay its electricity bill.In this section deCODED?
Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration.
In the 1800s it was the spread of the steamship and refrigeration, the expansion of railroads and the invention of the telegraph that gave a push to globalisation.
A consortium led by Farmanguinhos, a state-run drugs firm in Brazil, recently launched ASMQ, which combines artesunate, a derivative of artemisinin, with mefloquine, another anti-malarial, in a convenient single-pill that does not need refrigeration and has shown good results in field trials.
The idea of putting ice into a drink was virtually unheard of until the later 19th century thanks to improved refrigeration.
The Ames laboratory we referred to, in Ames, Iowa, is part of America's Department of Energy.In this section The spoils of war A perfect fossil Sex in season Primed to go Correction Reprints Related items Refrigeration: Some cool ideasMar 20th 2003.
