Non-Muslims too, are expected to refrain from eating, drinking or smoking in public between sunrise and sunset.
During Ramadan observant Muslims are expected to refrain from eating, drinking and sex, from dawn until sunset.
Given the federal indifference, California cannot be expected to refrain from acting on its own to address global warming.
"All professionals, including Sag-Aftra members, are expected to refrain from engaging in harassing conduct and support efforts to eliminate this scourge from the workplace," the union said.
A member of Allergan's board who held shares in Valeant would have been expected to refrain from voting on the deal or promoting Valeant's bid.
Although Howard will make a keynote speech on Europe on Tuesday, he is expected to refrain from direct attacks on the UKIP.
And the leaders are expected to refrain from criticizing the president Tuesday at news conferences," per Politico's Rachael Bade, Burgess Everett and Kyle Cheney.
Unlike directors, who are expected to refrain from self-dealing, they are free to act on both sides of a transaction in which they have an interest.
During Ramadan, Muslims are also expected to refrain from gossip and complaining, to avoid anger and lust, to increase what should already be a high level of charitability.
Instructors are expected to refrain from discussing a student's disability with other students, to file accommodation requests in a secure location, and to provide opportunities for students to discuss privately their accommodation needs.
Ministers are now running so scared of offending motorists in the run-up to the election that the chancellor is expected to refrain from raising fuel duties in line with inflation in his next budget.
