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Often, these trials are limited to patients who have not responded to existing therapies, "refractory" patients in medical parlance.
Refractory patients have hope with combination MMF and FK506, etretinate, plaquenil, and nonpharmacologic approaches, such as PUVA.
Monotherapy trials in refractory patients include presurgical and conversion to monotherapy studies.
This study highlights the potential to generate functional DCs for further clinical treatments from refractory patients that have been heavily pretreated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Treatment refractory patients with metastatic cancer show increased numbers of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), which are also associated with disease progression.
High-volume hemofiltration was used as a rescue therapy in refractory patients [17].
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Alleviating depressive symptoms is intensely relieving, and thus also rewarding, for treatment-refractory patients.
The camptothecin derivative irinotecan has demonstrated clinical activity in metastatic colorectal carcinoma in both chemotherapy-naive and fluorouracil-refractory patients.
Median time to progression was 13.7 months among platinum-sensitive patients and 3.2 months among platinum-refractory patients.
Among 8 platinum-refractory patients, the response rate was 37.5%, while 21 platinum-sensitive patients had a 100% response rate.
Additionally, we identified pseudo-refractory patients caused by a platelet count plateau (>100 x 10 9)/L but <150 x 10 9)/L).
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