The word "refoulement" is correct and usable in written English.
It is a French term that has been adopted into English to describe the "forcible return of a refugee or asylum seeker to a place where they may face persecution". For example, "The United Nations condemned the government for its policy of refoulement, which forced hundreds of asylum seekers to return to their country of origin."
However, the European Commission's spokeswoman, Natasha Bertaud, said that since the EU upheld international law protecting refugees from "refoulement" – being sent home to face persecution – "the Australian model can never be a model for us".
Refoulement is showing at Sullivan + Strumpf until 11 October; McClelland Sculpture Park and Gallery, 16 November - 8 February 2015, and Linden Centre for Contemporary Art, 19 December - 15 February 2015.
The convention, which has since been signed by 145 countries, defined the term "refugee" as well as their rights and the obligations of nations to protect them, including, crucially, a protection against refoulement – returning people to countries where they face serious threats to life or freedom.
If PNG were to return a person forcibly who was later found to be a refugee with a genuine fear of persecution to a place where they faced harm, Australia would be in breach of its international obligations, under "chain refoulement", where refugees are sent to a safe third country which ultimately returns them to persecution.
Article 33 of the convention prohibits "refoulement" of refugees – ie removal to places or countries where their lives or freedom would be at risk on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.
Removing a person to a safe third country will not engage the removing state's obligations under the convention unless doing so exposes the person to a real risk of refoulement.
Merkel argued that this would be a breach of Australia's non-refoulement obligations under the refugee convention.
If officers determine an individual does not raise claims that meet Australia's non-refoulement obligations, then they are "screened out" of the protection assessment process and barred from entering Australia.
The principle of non-refoulement prohibits the repatriation of refugees to areas where they are likely to be threatened.
Egypt is a signatory but its latest move which officials say is only temporary in the wake of the coup against Muhammad Morsi, the former president goes against the treaty, and the principle of non-refoulement, which prohibits relocating people to countries where they could be tortured.
Gen. seems to confirm Denmark intended to violate principle of non-refoulement as I sought asylum.
