Five signs are assessed: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and skin colour.
A score of 0 (absent), 1, or 2 is given for each of the five parameters, which are heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and colour.
Using the Apgar scoring system, each of five main characteristics (heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color) is assigned a value of 0 to 2. The total score is the sum of the five sub-scores, with a score of 7 or more indicating that the new-born baby's condition is good to excellent [30].
Apgar scores were calculated using the following five criteria: skin color, pulse rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone and breathing.
Among preterm infants, low values of some Apgar score components (eg, reflex irritability, muscle tone, respiratory effort) reflect physiological prematurity rather than newborn compromise.
Apgar score is a measure of the vitality of the newborn infant on the basis of heart rate, respiration, colour, muscle tone, and reflex irritability.
Withdrawal symptoms can include irritability, abnormal reflexes, tremors, clonus, hypertonicity, delirium and seizures, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypertension, and tachypnea.
No visible clinical signs of toxicity, such as irritability, twisting, righting reflex, tremors, convulsions, breathing, weight loss, or death, were observed.
Severe cases exhibited obvious symptoms of CNS involvement, as confirmed by the presence of clinical features including lethargy, irritability, headache, decreased reflex and muscle strength, myoclonus, ataxia, nystagmus, oculomotor palsy, and acute limb weakness, with or without neuroimaging.
Early symptoms of paralytic polio include high fever, headache, stiffness in the back and neck, asymmetrical weakness of various muscles, sensitivity to touch, difficulty swallowing, muscle pain, loss of superficial and deep reflexes, paresthesia (pins and needles), irritability, constipation, or difficulty urinating.
One hour after birth, the infant developed an NAS characterized by central nervous system irritability, tremors, poor feeding, exaggerated Moro reflex, increased muscle tone and uncoordinated sucking.
