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This is a small capacity organ (around 150 millilitres) with frequent emptying; there is reflex control mediated through the sacral segments of the spinal cord; the higher centres do not restrain the detrusor, and the internal sphincter relaxes more readily.
The following experiments were designed to investigate the role of estrogen in central autonomic nuclei on autonomic tone and reflex control of heart rate.
Chronic heart failure is closely related to impaired cardiorespiratory reflex control, including decreased ventilatory efficiency during exercise ( ˙VE/ ˙Vco2-slope) and central sleep apnea (CSA).
These results demonstrate a role for estrogen in the reflex control of heart rate and as a central modulator of autonomic tone in male rats.
By recording the responses to a Valsalva manoeuvre or postural changes, aspects of the reflex control of the cardiovascular system can be assessed and quantified.
It is important to understand that mechanical ventilation reverses natural breathing, with important effects on thoracic haemodynamics and also overrides autonomic reflex control of breathing, which normally maintains blood gas homeostasis.
Similar(41)
The freeze reaction is a protective reflex controlled by the brain's amygdala.
MSNA consists of baroreceptor reflex controlled vasoconstrictor impulses to the muscle vascular bed, involved in dynamic blood pressure regulation.
One may speculate this hyperplasia may, at least in part, reflect an inflammatory activation of the axon reflex controlling intestinal stem/progenitor cells.
CINV is an autonomic reflex controlled by multiple neurotransmitter systems.
Although cough is usually referred to as a reflex controlled from the brainstem, cough can be also controlled via the higher cortical center and be related to cortical modulations [ 30].
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