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One critical avenue of study will be to determine whether the association between P. copri and rheumatoid arthritis reflects cause, effect or co-association.
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Some people may be immune to carcinogens that kill others; animal studies may or may not be relevant to human disease; statistics may or may not reflect cause and effect.
It must be pointed out that the associations noted here do not necessarily reflect cause and effect.
This also raises the question as to whether the increased P. copri levels reflect cause or effect vis-à-vis the inflammation.
Qualitative system dynamics models like causal loop diagrams reflecting cause-effect relationships can be set up without a simulation or computing environment (Ansari and Seifi, [56]).
The EEG changes may reflect causes other than reduced blood flow, given that cerebral vasoconstriction without concomitant alkalosis and a low partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) leave the EEG unchanged [24 26].
However, some observed trends can be highlighted as they may reflect causes that influenced CHWs' performance.
However, structural or functional changes observed within the TS brain can reflect causes and/or consequences of the TS disorder, and it has been proposed that cortical reorganization of behavioral control circuits may operate to compensate for TS [ 1 6].
Kinetic, as a gait parameter, reflects the cause of movement, and therefore the forces, power, and energy that affect the manner in which an individual moves.
However, whether this correlation reflects a cause-effect relationship is unknown.
The epidemiology of S. pneumoniae now reflects infections caused by serotypes not included in PCV7.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com