These risks are conservative, concentrating on the significant logistic regression results – model Ib results presented in Table 2 are likely a better reflection of risk and tend to be two-fold higher.
28 The estimated absolute risk level by Framingham heart risk cannot be regarded as a precise reflection of actual risk, 29 but absolute change in Framingham heart risk over time is likely to reflect absolute changes in risk.
Yields on Spanish government bonds – in effect their interest rate and a reflection of their risk rating – also eased.
"I always tell clients, exchange rates are a good reflection of political risk in a country," said Robert Broadfoot, managing director of the Political and Economic Risk Consultancy in Hong Kong.
Mr. Hartwig of the insurance institute defends the rates as a reflection of the risk of insuring the homes on a lender's books in bulk, "sight unseen, irrespective of their condition".
And shares that look cheap on conventional measures (asset value, dividend yield, price-earnings ratio) also tend to deliver above-average returns, but belong to firms that are likelier to go bust.According to a paper by Cliff Asness, who co-founded AQR, the better performance of momentum stocks is not merely a reflection of higher risk.
It's a better reflection of the risk, Moody's says: unlike corporations, cities and states rarely default.
This method would only be a true reflection of lifetime risk, if age-specific cancer rates and all-cause mortality rates were stable over a long time.
If a sufficient fraction of metastasis risk is encoded by germline polymorphisms, rather than autonomous somatic events within the tumor, then any tissue in the body should carry some reflection of that risk.
For example, if the molecular genetics of a tumour are at least partially a reflection of the risk factors which led to the development of that tumour, this will provide new insights into prevention and molecular approaches to early diagnosis.
