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In the traditional approach involving reflection, to estimate the derivative at a certain number of points, one has to a priori estimate the solution at a larger number of points.
Most of the current eyetracking systems use corneal reflection to estimate gaze, where the pupil is detected using bright or dark pupil techniques.
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Figure 1 shows trace-plots of the POR of two individuals (separately for the left and right eye) searching for a target in a static image, measured with a Tobii ® 2150 eye-tracker that images the pupil of the observers' eyes, along with the corneal reflections to estimate the position of the eye sampling at 50 Hz.
Conventionally, many researches utilized a specular reflection or diffuse reflection components to estimate a lighting environment [14, 15].
Since the AL-TFPF achieves linear enhancement by matching, it does not require dominant frequency of reflection event to estimate the maximum optimal WL.
Next, attention is paid to the actual random backscattered reflection coefficient, to estimate it at any location from experimental data at a given grid of locations of the lamina.
This paper suggests a new adaptive version of the reflection kernel method to estimate f(0) when f(1)(0)≠0.
The peak boarding of the XRD reflection was used to estimate the crystallite size in a direction perpendicular to the crystallographic plane based on Scherer's formula as given Eq. 1 (Gupta et al. 2006).
All 'heads-free' eyetrackers need to track the position of the head in 3-D space (in addition to the pupil and corneal reflection) in order to estimate where a participant is looking (see Fig. 2); this information is always automatically stored in every recording session.
The diffuse reflections are used to estimate photometric parameters of the illuminants.
Then the amount of detected reflections is used to estimate the degree of bitumen coverage.
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