Dörner and Wearing (1995) emphasize that the process of action regulation within problem solving can be subdivided into the following partial activities: goal elaboration and definition; information seeking and recording; forecasting, and planning; decision-making; performing goal-oriented operations; and monitoring and reflection of outcomes.
Furthermore, the pro-metastatic property of NDRG1 can also be viewed as a reflection of the outcome from hypoxia adaptation.
The authors suggest that this measure may provide a better reflection of perioperative outcome by allowing more time for the effects of surgical care to become manifest.
The vast (and ever-growing) volume of tools available and utilised in aphasia research settings is a reflection of the outcome measurement challenges faced across stroke rehabilitation research more generally (Ali et al., 2013; Salter, Teasell, Foley, & Jutai, 2007).
Although there is a reasonable harmonization of approaches used to assess internal validity (risk of bias) for human clinical trials (Higgins and Green 2011), there is not currently a similar consensus on how to assess that the findings and conclusions drawn from observational human, experimental animal, and in vitro studies are a true reflection of the outcome of the study.
Although its simplicity makes the MLR an attractive assay with which to examine in vivo responses, the overall clinical experience has been that mixed lymphocyte responses do not provide a reliable prediction or reflection of graft outcome 28 and, indeed, we have previously noted a clear disparity between the in vivo and in vitro suppressive capacity of CD25+CD4+ Treg 29.
Since this study focused on birth weight and SGA, which are clinically relevant outcome measures, restricting the study to term-born infants made it possible to investigate birth weight as a reflection of health outcomes without the distorting effect of preterm delivery [ 43].
While success (A, B, or C grade) is not a direct reflection of learning outcomes, this overview does provide an institutional level indication of progress and possible issues of concern.
The high "Major" failure rate for the Control restorations (15%) is disappointing but is a reflection of the outcomes related to current practice in the general practice environment.
Although the number of additional deaths observed beyond 30 days may vary by specialty, longer follow-up may allow better reflection of the outcomes of complications after other types of surgery.
