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First, as follows from the nature of spread F, the reflection height is of a random character, and the signal reflects from many different small-scale irregularities.
The best agreement was found for the effective reflection height.
Here, h true is the true reflection height.
ΔH′ = H′ − H′ p, where H′ is the quiescent-level ionospheric reflection height and H′ p is the reflection height during the solar flare peak.
In other words, there is the near opposite of reflection height variation between the two seasons.
Each panel in Fig. 4 presents the temporal variation of the reflection height with different harmonics.
Panels a and b show variations of the effective reflection height and slant range ratio, respectively.
We fit a linear function to the mean reflection height and mode number relation.
The true reflection height was lower than the corresponding maximum height by approximately 40 km.
In practical terms, while mapping, we should start by determining the effective reflection height.
Figure 2a shows the dependence of the effective reflection height calculated using Eq. (4).
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