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Important effects introduced by the physical presence of the active actuator/sensor system on guided wave propagation, such as wave reflections, mode conversions and sensor signal attenuation, are successfully captured by the developed finite element and correlated and evaluated with numerical and experimental results.
The effect of reflections and conversions at major boundaries (the core-mantle boundary in Mars' case) is accounted for by using the Zöppritz equations evaluated with appropriate material properties at the boundary and incoming and outgoing wavefront normal angles (Young and Braile 1976).
Amplitude dependent guided wave reflection, transmission and conversion is computed through a Wave and Finite Element (WFE) method.
This method allows the transmission, reflection and wave conversion at discontinuities to be determined for complex waveguides.
The results with respect to wave transmission, reflection and mode conversion are consistent with physical considerations of Lamb mode shape and energy conservation.
The simulation result shows that a linearly polarized wave can be converted into its orthogonal polarization after reflection, the polarization conversion ratio is above 90% in the frequency range of 5.1 12.1 GHz and the relative bandwidth is up to 78.6%, which agree well with the experimental results.
(b) Vertical cross section of the relocated hypocenters and conversion (reflection) points along the thick dotted line in (a).
The 2×2 reflection and mode conversion matrix specifies the interaction of the combined ionosphere-atmosphere-ground system with both the fast and shear Alfvén modes.
A number of analytical studies have provided reflection and mode conversion coefficients and Poynting flux details (e.g. Sorokin, 1986; Alperovich and Fedorov, 1992; Yoshikawa and Itonaga, 1996).
