Attenuation of metabolic acidosis may slow the decline in muscle pH and delay inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase [4, 31]; thus, the decrease in [La]b appears to reflect deceleration of anaerobic energy production.
Overall, the observed changes in gene expression during postnatal liver development reflect the deceleration of liver growth and the induction of specialized liver functions, with widespread changes in sex-specific gene expression primarily occurring in male liver.
Female-specific tox changes in gene expression during postnatal liver development reflect the deceleration of liver growth and the induction of specialized liver functions, with widespread changes in sex-specific gene expression primarily occurring in male liver [ 25].
Overall, the observed changes in liver gene expression from the pre-pubertal period to young adulthood reflect the deceleration of liver growth and the induction of specialized liver functions.
The multilevel models included a variable for time; a transformation of the time variable (1/time) to reflect the deceleration of change in the outcome over time that we predicted (given that the active intervention was 12 weeks and the study lasted for 52 weeks), age, sex, diabetes therapy, and initiation of basal or prandial insulin during the study.
Previous research (e.g., Bradley, 2000; Crone et al., 2004; Hodes et al., 1985; Somsen, Van der Molen, & Orlebeke, 1983) has suggested that HR deceleration reflects the extent to which attention is allocated to potentially aversive stimuli, is stronger in situations in which the frequency of potential punishment is high, and reacts to expectancy violations.
HR decelerations reflect parasympathetic activity, are sensitive to valence, and serve to increase attention and orienting.
In contrast, feedback-related HR decelerations reflect the frequency of losses (Crone et al., 2004) and seem to be modulated by valence only in tasks where the outcomes should be used to adjust future selection (Crone et al., 2005; Crone et al., 2004; Miu, Heilman, & Houser, 2008; Somsen et al., 2000; but see also Van der Veen, Van der Molen, Crone, & Jennings, 2004).
Further, after 6 months of treatment, only the abstaining patients showed an increase in slow activity, a decrease in fast alpha, an acceleration of the delta/theta centroid, and a deceleration of the alpha centroid, reflecting a normalization of brain function.
In addition, slower trade growth reflects China's economic deceleration.
