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In the case of the muscarinic agonist, CCh, a clear stimulation of activity was seen that reflected the activation of PKC and which was eliminated in the phospho-deficient and phosphomimetic AC2 mutants.
Since the stimulatory effect of carbachol on whole-cell K+ conductance probably reflected the activation of apical BK channels and basolateral Ca2+-activated IK channels (17), protein tyrosine kinase(s) may phosphorylate and upregulate the activity of one or both of these types of K+ channel.
These data suggested that L LAP-DPs reflected the activation of TGF-β and the bioactivity of the resultant active TGF-β in cells.
In the present study, we also investigated genes that were not direct targets of PPARβ/δ, but rather reflected the activation of PPARβ/δ-dependent signaling pathways.
Finally, reduced ammonia production by AMP deaminase may have also reflected the activation of alternative routes of AMP metabolism, including 5'nucleotidase.
Elevated concentrations of cytokines that we examined reflected the activation of the immune response in central nervous system or periphery, which might provide a cytokine panel for predicting neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected individuals.
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The assay employs engineered human colon carcinoma cell line; HCT116 cells that are stably engineered with three promoter reporter cassettes such that an increased reporter activity reflects the activation of associated signaling events in a human cell.
The luciferase activity reflects the activation of a specific kinase.
The first of these, nociceptive pain, refers to those transient symptoms and signs that arise in response to acute injury and reflects the activation of specialized pain receptors (nociceptors) and corresponding activity in more central pathways.
The resulting neural activity, visible in Fig. 7, might reflect the activation of the neural circuits subserving semantic integration and retrieval processes for the two stimulus classes.
The current study aimed to formally test whether cue-reward salience reflects the activation of a general appetitive motivational state by examining the role of activated positive affect in the relationship between cue-reward salience and reactivity to alcohol cues.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com