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However, it is unclear whether these findings reflect the state of major depression or reflect trait neurobiological underpinnings of risk for major depression.
Rater effects reflect trait like personality processes in that the students who characteristically experience positive affect also characteristically rate professors as effective.
Given that individuals with subclinical levels of depressive symptoms are at heightened risk for developing MDD [ 1, 2], these results suggest candidate neural markers that may reflect trait vulnerability to MDD.
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Species' distribution patterns reflect trait-habitat interaction and determined by the plant ecological functions.
However, functional imaging studies conducted in patients recovered from AN possibly reflect trait-related rather than state-related changes which could be an indication of the possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms in AN [ 72- 74].
They argue that low E and low O reflect traits associated with avoiding social contact and increased conformity to local rules.
Male-biased genes reflect traits that increase male fitness, such as male-male competition, sexually selected characters and secondary sexual characters [ 32].
We consider the ability to recover to reflect traits that allow the organism, individual, or group to heal from or compensate for the effects of exposure to environmental agents or stressors.
Over half of these (28) reflected trait variation occurring across the full 24-hr day, indicating that much of the genetic control of sleep acts consistently across the light and dark periods.
However, 12 additional QTL, termed "mixed-effect QTL", reflected trait variation across the full 24-hr period where the direction and/or magnitude of the effect of the locus on the trait is statistically different between the light and dark periods.
The items appearing on the PCL-R are scored on a 0, 1, 2 scale reflecting trait presence and severity.
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