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When studies do report sex differences it is often difficult to interpret these differences because of an unequal distribution of men and women, or the confounding effect of occupation and/or marital status, implying that sometimes sex differences in fact reflect occupational differences [ 21].
In the United States, the person and the firm components of the inter‐industry wage differentials appear to reflect some elements of bargaining and unionization, but they mostly reflect occupational or educational sorting across industries as well as capital specific to the industry.
Items reflect occupational, household, sex, and parental roles.
Our findings that males were at higher risk than females for HCA, as reported elsewhere (2, 14 ) might reflect occupational exposures or gender roles, with males slaughtering/butchering livestock and females more involved in preparing meat (14 ).
Furthermore, the initial content validation process [ 6] found that the POES is relevant and has coverage as the items represent a sample of behaviors that reflect occupational engagement among people with severe mental illness.
Our data suggest that urinary 1-OHP and serum GST might be regarded as biomarkers of PAH exposure and that urinary 8-OHdG and lymphocytic MNs could be used as parameters to reflect occupational health effects in coke oven workers.
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6 29 Self-reported stress is a global composite item reflecting occupational and non-occupational exposure.
Diethyldithiophosphate (p = 0.04) and diethylthiophosphate (p = 0.02) better reflected occupational pesticide exposure than other OP metabolites.
Some of the NHANES biomarker concentrations may have reflected occupational exposures, which may occur more frequently in low-income subpopulations (and for some race/ethnicity subpopulations).
We excluded dentists from these measurements, as their toenail mercury also reflects occupational exposure to inorganic (rather than methyl) mercury (14).
Lead levels also declined in the seven mothers not using herbs, from 8.11 μg/L in colostrum (likely reflecting occupational or pollution exposures) to 2.36 μg/L in mature milk.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com