Exact(60)
The present results are difficult to reconcile with the notion that 2D∶4D is an effective proxy for prenatal androgen exposure; instead, it may more accurately reflect effects of glucocorticoids, or other factors that regulate any of many genes.
TM-AFM phase images show nanoparticles are "reporters" and reflect effects of composition and processing on surface morphology.
Of the early initiators, only two clearly showed combined Non-predictive and Predictive effects (Fig. 4c), which may reflect effects of current visual target position in combination with cross-hemispheric predictive gain modulation16.
These results suggest the presence of heretofore undiscovered long-range dynamics in brain connectivity; the source of these dynamics is unclear, as they could reflect effects of repeated measurement such as habituation or sensitization.
The effect of environmental variability was modelled by: (a) using a relationship between stand height at age 50 years and environmental characteristics; (b) adjusting the apparent age for different environments to reflect effects on growth rate; (c) adjusting age-dependent volume to reflect effects on potential biomass.
Our estimates, which reflect effects on both the extensive and intensive margins, are statistically insignificant.
It should be noted that urinary RBP4 level only indicates impairment of proximal tubular cells and may not reflect effects on the other parts of the kidney.
The decrease in plasma concentration of markers of glycocalyx degradation after resuscitation with FFP are largely secondary to differences in plasma volume and may not accurately reflect effects of FFP on the glycocalyx.
It might be that our two measures of service availability are highly correlated with other dimensions of quality that are affected by resource availability, in which case the estimated coefficients reflect effects of resource constraints on SSA outcomes via effects on unobserved dimensions of service quality and overstate the impact of the timely availability of VR services per se.
Changes in prion strength and mitotic stability reflect effects primarily on processes of growth and replication, respectively.
The synonymous mutation frequency (dS) generally reflects viral replication efficiency, while non-synonymous mutations (dN) generally reflect effects of selection.
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