Here Arthur mumbled, as if refining the words like rough rocks in his mouth.
These interviews assessed comprehension, refined the wording, optimized the response scales, supported the appropriateness of the recall period, and confirmed the content validity of the items.
Results were used to refine the wording and instructions for items.
The questionnaire was piloted on a sample of volunteer patients to refine the wording of items and ensure clarity of the text.
The questionnaire was pilot-tested on a sample of 20 paediatricians to refine the wording of items and to ensure clarity of the text.
We shared a draft of the inventory with about a dozen instructors in the UBC science departments, and their feedback was used to refine the wording to improve the clarity.
Through pilot testing with cognitive interview techniques, we refined the wording of certain questions, and added or deleted questions to improve the length and overall flow of the survey.
The pilot study helped us to refine the wording of our questions and the associated definitions that we included in order to minimise uncertainty and ambiguity about what was being asked.
For example, developers of the Undergraduate Research Student Self-Assessment instrument used extensive interview data to identify key dimensions of student outcomes from research apprenticeship experiences, and then think-aloud interviews to test and refine the wording of survey items (Hunter et al., 2009).
Field test items were translated into Spanish by one experienced translator, reviewed by a second translator, then administered to eight Spanish-speaking caregivers in a series of cognitive interviews, to assess and refine the wording [ 22, 23].
