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An advantage of this approach is demonstrated through a case study — retrofit of furnace in petrol hydrogenation refining plant for energy efficiency improvement.
The analysis employs panel data constructed from patent data on five different types of automobile-related technologies from 1990 to 2002: oil extraction, petroleum refining, fuel cells, electric and hybrid vehicles (EHV) and vehicle energy efficiency.
While the Well-to-Tank energy efficiency is around 83% taking into account the production, refining and transportation of fuel, the Tank-to-Wheel energy efficiency of ICEVs is quite low: around 18%[12]].
For instance, in early stages of a building lifecycle, energy efficiency figures may be rough estimates which need to be refined in later stages (for instance, when results of detailed simulations become available).
Their anxieties for energy security are further compounded by a dismal track record in energy efficiency as well as restrictive policies on allowing foreign investment to help finance refining facilities on their soil aimed to service the domestic home market.
The third model further refines its base model by introducing a radius reduction technique to enhance its precision and energy efficiency.
Energy efficiency researchers agree that systems-level thinking is required to overcome barriers to energy efficiency.
Take energy efficiency.
energy efficiency.
Then there's energy efficiency.
Yet energy efficiency has also improved.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com