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Therefore, a refinement of the exposure values will actually be necessary.
However, a refinement of the exposure estimation may reduce the exposure by at least a factor of 10 to 100.
This iterative approach guides refinement of the exposure assessment and/or use of common MOA to replace the screening HI approach.
An exception is formaldehyde, which should, however, not be finally assessed until detailed exposure analyses have been carried out, since considerably lower and more realistic values can be achieved by refinement of the exposure assessment [ 16].
CALINE4 predictions accounted for key factors that determine exposure, such as wind speed and direction, and the CHS ICV study predictions offered a further refinement of the exposure surface.
A forward extension of the study of Araneta et al. along with refinement of the exposure measure to allow for classification of Gulf War veterans by whether or not there was DU exposure in their particular theatre of combat and by characteristics of that exposure would be quite informative and is recommended.
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This Step is a recognition that no further refinement of the combined exposures will result in a finding of acceptable risk unless the toxicity and exposure information on the identified chemicals are found to be individually acceptable.
The exposure error due to a lack of spatial refinement in the exposure estimate is represented by δspatial = AQ – CS because our air quality models add spatial variability to the AQ metric compared with CS measurements, which lack spatial variability because the same CS measurement was used to represent exposure in each ZIP code.
In other species, such as the chaffinch, the young bird learns from exposure to song in the first autumn, but refinement of the song is produced by further exposure to other chaffinches singing during the following spring.
Thus further refinement of human exposure assessment is needed to reinforce study design to evaluate exposure response relationships and study gene environment interactions.
Metakaolin addition, and increased activator concentrations reduce the susceptibility to carbonation, associated with the refinement of the pore network under extended CO2 exposure.
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