The following sections describe the construction of the items of the bMCU test, their adaption based on students' answering patterns, explanations, sketches, and their refinement in reaction to think-aloud protocols of students' reasoning (see Fig. 1).
To investigate these topics, this observational study tracks and records the progressive refinements of four authentic architectural design projects of students, during an academic course.
Through training for staff, briefings for parents and students and ongoing refinement of the curriculum, these schools are creating supportive, positive environments for all their students.
Students' phases of model development, reflecting aspects of engineering design, were identified through iterative refinement cycles of analyses to generate more in-depth evidence of students' learning (Lesh and Lehrer, 2000).
As part of ongoing simulation developments and refinement of reflective learning methods with these students, a small-scale pilot project was undertaken to evaluate the use of a portable reflective simulation framework (RSF) as a structured tool and technique to support and maximize learning aligned to curricula outcomes.
We conducted iterative refinement cycles of analyses of the group and class transcripts for further evidence of students' learning (Lesh and Lehrer 2000).
Most prior studies and conceptualizations of science identity have focused on undergraduate students, but the continual refinement of identity during graduate training also impacts science career progression.
We describe the evaluation work leading to refinement of the design, and an assessment of the learning experience for students.
Further refinement of the wording of questionnaire items is recommended in this translation, as medical students found some items hard to deal with.
Further refinement of the parent concourse was warranted for evolving conceptual understanding regarding unsafe student practices in the clinical milieu.
