These new methods and tools in IMG, can be used to address important biological questions such as the identification of orthologs within large paralogous families and evolution of genome structure as well as function prediction of hypothetical protein families, or refinement of general function descriptions [8].
Substantiating classes with more examples will lead to refinement of their function descriptions and will likely reveal inaccuracies in existing classification schemes.
The objective of this study was to compare the genomic organization of the regions containing a Vrs1 ortholog in a set of Poaceae species, as a means of inferring the refinement of the function of Vrs1 by gene duplication in the speciation of barley.
Along the development from preschool age to adolescence there is acquisition and refinement of cognitive functions.
Refinement of cell functions can require both increased and decreased gene expression.
Moreover it's generally assumed that the maintenance of duplicate genes provides a foundation for consolidation and refinement of established functions, particularly in secondary metabolism, by preserving extra copies that guarantee a gene reservoir for adaptive evolution [ 62- 64].
Post-mortem studies have shown the maturation of the brain's myelinated white matter, crucial for efficient and coordinated brain communication, follows a nonlinear spatio-temporal pattern that corresponds with the onset and refinement of cognitive functions and behaviors.
It is generally assumed that maintenance of duplicate genes provides a foundation for consolidation and refinement of established functions, particularly in secondary metabolism, by preserving extra copies that guarantee a gene reservoir for adaptive evolution, free from the constraints of purifying selection [ 31- 33].
By "accident" we simply mean that other variants of certain traits may have had at one time comparable fitness, but that then, through the evolutionary refinement and augmentation of function, other components of the biological system those traits interact with become co-adapted to specific variants, locking them in so that they could function well together.
The clade of putative ETP clusters is comprised of a small number of distinct subclades, which do not appear to always specify the particular toxins made, indicating ongoing refinement of the metabolic function of ETP clusters.
