A grain-refinement model for rapid solidification of undercooled single-phase solid-solution alloys was developed in which a combination of the model of dendrite fragmentation with the model of overall solidification kinetics allows dendrite fragmentation to occur along with the solidification process (e.g. during mushy zone solidification).
To prove the validity of the strategy, three different models for SPH simulations, including the dynamic refinement model, no refinement model and total refinement model, are designed for a case of water entry of a wedge.
Numerical simulations of texture development in polycrystalline oxygen-free high conductivity (OFHC) copper have been studied using the Taylor, viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) and a recent Taylor type polycrystal grain refinement (GR) model for the forward and reverse strain conditions.
This will, in turn, generate hypotheses and guide further development of the database and refinement of models for assessing the degree to which susceptibility in older adults is due to differences between older and younger adults in activity and in exposures to harmful environmental agents.
While observed instabilities are identified as numeric in nature and are eliminated accordingly, their very occurrence highlights the need for a refinement of the model for future studies.
This will require a refinement of the model for the specific domains, to compare simulation results with real data, to study passenger behaviors, and to collaborate with the authorities overseeing and regulating these systems.
Further refinement of a model for OS would require a future study with a larger sample size.
The last refinement in the model for determining hCG cutoff levels for prediction of MTX resistance is that we have calculated those hCG cutoff levels by non-parametric analysis only, as the present serum hCG data were not normally distributed, whereas Van Trommel et al (2006) used both parametric (log-transformed hCG regression lines) and non-parametric assessment (derived from ROC analysis).
Routine integration of measurement efforts with national surveys such as NFHS, LSMS and DFHS would not only allow additional refinements in the model for estimates in the future, but also allow the use of such models in monitoring and evaluation of public health efforts directed towards intervention for HAP.
This finding can lead to refinements of modeling for better predictions of lag phase duration.
