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There is some repetition here too, but with more refined effect.
The hardness values of the laser-clad layers were generally higher than those of conventional welding deposits owing to the refined effect.
The refined effect of grain boundary (GB) on acoustic emission (AE) is examined during tensile deformation of [110] oriented CuAl bicrystals having the ∑9(221) tilt boundary and of single crystals with the same orientation.
Further studies incorporating information on specific activities and production levels near homes over the course of pregnancy would improve exposure assessments and provide more refined effect estimates.
Similar(56)
The hot-cracking phenomena during the SLM process was significantly reduced by the grain refining effect caused by the addition of Zr.
The results demonstrate that the grain refining effect observed in these experiments can be ascribed solely to the forced melt flow driven by the Lorentz force.
Therefore, the grain refining effect of intensive melt shearing can be confidently attributed to the significantly increased refining efficiency of the naturally occurring MgO particles in the alloy melt as potent nucleation sites.
An additive as 1,3,6 naphthalene trisulphonic acid which has a grain refining effect, and chloride, which enables dissolution of metal during the anodic cycle, reduced crack occurrence in the electrodeposits.
The grain refining effect of four peritectic-forming solutes (Ti, V, Zr and Nb) as well as three eutectic-forming solutes (Cu, Mg and Si) on pure Al was investigated.
The improvement in wear resistance is believed to be the combined results of the grain refining effect, the solution strengthening effect, the distribution of the hard phases, the work hardening effect of the retained austenite, and the good bonding between these hard phases and the Fe-based matrix.
A PFI mill is essentially a compression unit, which, given the same energy input, produces refining effect differing significantly from an conventional disc refiner [ 12].
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