Oil giants like Sinopec, losing money on every gallon of diesel they refine because of the low sales prices, upgrade refineries slowly, if at all.
Heavy oil requires more expensive and advanced technologies to recover and refine because of its high viscosity.
Matar's understanding may feel so refined because it's distilled from the long contemplation of his own experiences.
And if she seems to sell endless versions of the same romance to the same readers, perhaps that's because she has refined the art of glam-dropping to a science.
Still, results will be held down by thinning margins in the refining businesses because of marketing costs, BP said.
Heavy oil and bitumen are difficult crudes to extract and upgrade, with additional transport and refining costs, because of their high viscosity, low API gravity, high asphaltenes, metals (V, Ni), and heteroatoms (N, S).
The upgrading of heavy crude oil residues to more valuable light and middle distillates is becoming increasingly important for the global refining industry because of the decline in conventional, light crude oil sources [1].
Because crude oil is refined into a number of products, supplies of gasoline and diesel are also likely to increase, he said.
Course tutors will also help you refine the subject of your dissertation, because, as Ms Svalberg puts it: "If you are less experienced, you tend to take on too much".
On the other hand, they can be considered complementary, as many of the small polymorphic CNVs previously detected in the clone-based array [ 11] could not be refined in the oligo-array because of lack of probes in such regions, designed in order to avoid frequent polymorphic CNVs.
