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The curved transparent base is a simple yet refined addition.
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Many of the rules were later refined by addition of type constraints to the variables, obtained by abstracting from particular nominals via WordNet (Pantel et al. 2007).
This model was iteratively refined by addition of XVOLs and shape constraints, which improved the prediction quality from an initial enrichment factor of 15.7 25.8 in the final model (see Table 2 for enrichment factors and percentage of actives, inactives and decoys identified).
Predictions are made for the variation of grain size with refiner addition level, solute content in the melt and cooling rate.
With measured particle size distributions as input, the model makes quantitatively correct predictions for grain size and its variation with refiner addition level, cooling rate and melt composition.
Effective grain refinement by the Al 5Ti 1B grain refiner is directly attributed to the enhanced potency of TiB2 particles with the Al3Ti 2DC and sufficient free Ti solute in the melt after grain refiner addition to achieve the columnar-to-equiaxed transition.
A model based on free-growth control of grain initiation can quantitatively predict the grain size in aluminium alloys inoculated with commercial refiner as a function of refiner addition level, solute content in the melt and cooling rate.
These were further refined by additions to the bad list or via postprocessing to give a final set of 227 structures shown in Fig. 5.
Of the various techniques available for modifying the structure, pulsed current, magnetic arc oscillation techniques of gas tungsten arc welding and inoculation using grain refining additions offers the greatest promise for practical applications.
The widmanstattan microstructure of the alloys was refined by the addition of Nb element.
Result, the microstructure was refined by the addition of niobium and cerium oxide.
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