According to Putnam ([2000]), social capital refers to connections among individuals – social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them.
Linking mainly refers to connections between individuals and groups in a community and formal institutions and systems such as education, governance and the economy.
In his book Bowling Alone, Putnam explains, "Whereas physical capital refers to physical objects and human capital refers to properties of individuals [such as their own skills], social capital refers to connections among individuals—social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them.
"The term fictive kinship refers to connections between members of a group who are unrelated by blood or marriage, but who nonetheless share reciprocal social or economic relationships.
Bonding social capital refers to connections between members of a community who are similar in terms of their social identity, whether defined by social class, race/ethnicity, or other characteristics [17], [19].
Bridging social capital refers to connections between members of a community who are unlike each other, but are more or less equal in terms of their status and power [17], [19].
Social embeddedness refers to connections that individuals maintain with other people in their social environment.
School bonding refers to "connections" that young people have with their schools and various aspects of their academic lives.
Using, for simplicity, delay to refer to connection delay, they are defined as follows: Relative delay guarantee: A desired relative delay (RD) W k is assigned to each class k.
From now on, we will refer to connection patterns that incorporate (perhaps not exclusively) the interactions in the subgraph in Figure 2a as tetramer-like subgraphs or connection patterns.
