In contrast, another study reported that addition of intensive AA referral techniques to alcohol behavioral couples therapy significantly increased TSG attendance compared to control groups (78 versus 40 45%), but did not improve outcomes 13.
Such training should include basic motivational interviewing techniques, as well as instructions on brief counseling and referral techniques and explicit scripting of Quitline services to support the goal of the referral model, which is designed to cut down on the amount of time clinicians counsel patients by re-directing smokers to outside specialists [ 4, 35].
The study samples are convenience samples generated by use of chain-referral techniques rather than population-based samples, which is a key limitation with this study methodology and limit the generalizability of the results to the wider population of MSM in respective countries.
Respondents with a higher affinity towards cars were recruited through various ways: Potential respondents were addressed either directly, online via a portal for professional networking or through a chain-referral sampling technique.
Our chain-referral sampling technique involved an iterative, cyclical process to identify villages of interest.
RDS is a modified chain-referral sampling technique, using statistical weighting for network sizes of individuals to generate representative estimates.
For instance, chain-referral sampling techniques such as 'snowball' sampling [3] solicit members of the hidden population to provide contact information on behalf of their peers.
Others were identified through a combination of referral and snowballing techniques following the conduct of initial interviews [ 18, 19].
We learned to take a very flexible approach to sampling, using a snowballing technique or referral samples, in order to capture all relevant stakeholders.
