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Referential delusions are the most common symptom of schizophrenia and offer an opportunity to examine the neural correlates of delusions because they occur in discrete episodes that can be studied in the scanner.
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As noted by the authors, 'these findings relate aberrant prediction error-dependent associative learning to referential ideas and delusions via a perturbation of frontal cortical function.' From the perspective of our findings, the associative learning in this study typically engages DA projections to the basal ganglia.
We observed that hallucinations were more frequently auditory than visual and that delusions were predominantly referential.
Delusions of reference (i.e. definite delusions with a referential theme) and definite persecutory delusions also were the most frequent forms of definite delusions at all ages (each affecting 1.92 % of the total sample).
Ideas of reference (i.e. subthreshold delusions with a referential theme) and subthreshold persecutory delusions were the most frequent forms of subthreshold delusions at all ages (6.73 and 3.85 % of the total sample, respectively).
Hallucinations were then characterized according to their modalities of expression (auditory, visual or combined forms); delusions were characterized according to their thematic forms (referential, persecutory or combined forms).
When other forms of subthreshold or definite delusions were present (e.g. grandiose theme), it was always in combination with a referential or a persecutory theme.
It's so referential.
Delusions are odd beliefs.
"Referential mania," the article had called it.
These were delusions, but inspiring delusions.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com