Absorbance at 450 nm (620 nm reference) was measured using MRX ELISA reader (Dynatec, Germany).
The similarity of the two LCA Profiles (query and reference) is measured using the Pyramid Match Kernel (Grauman and Darrell, 2007), which compares LCA Profiles at multiple levels of granularity to generate an overall similarity score.
The linear distances between the tips of the lips and the five reference lines were measured using digital vernier caliper.
Reference points were measured using daytime images (Fig. 7(a)), which resulted in a 2.7 m/pixel scale with 10% error.
The mass transfer kinetics of the L- and D-Fmoc-Tryptophan (Fmoc-Trp) enantiomers on Fmoc-L-Trp imprinted polymer (MIP) and on its reference polymer (NIP), were measured using their elution peak profiles and the breakthrough curves recorded in frontal analysis for the determination of their equilibrium isotherms, at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70∘C.
Total cholesterol (reference values: <1.9 g/L); HDL (high density lipoprotein) (reference values: >0.4 g/L for male and >0.5 g/L for female); LDL (light density lipoprotein) (reference values: <1.15 g/L) and triglycerides (reference values: <1.5 g/L) were measured using enzymatic colorimetric test from Roche diagnostics.
The surface reflectivity of films and reference p-type (100) were measured using a Filmetrics F20 optical reflectometer using white light within the frequency range of 3 × 1014 to 7.5 × 1014 Hz.
Differences in potential between each tungsten electrode and a reference Ag-AgCl electrode were measured using a 4-channel amplifier (AM system, model 1700, Carlsborg WA, USA).
The reference blood glucose concentrations were measured using a YSI 2300 STAT Plus Analyser YSI Life Sciencess, Yellow Springs, OH, USA).
Serum Spec cPL concentrations (reference interval: ≤200 μg/L) were measured using an analytically validated immunoassay as described elsewhere [ 23].
