Most of these compounds displayed good activities against Gram-positive organisms comparable to reference agent LBM-415.
The broth microdilution microtiter plate (MTP) method with twofold dilution of the compounds, or ciprofloxacin (reference agent) in 96-well polystyrene microplates, was used.
More recently, gemcitabine has become the reference agent for these neoplasias because of the histologically common origin of biliary cancer and exocrine pancreatic cancer.
Although the tested compounds did not carry a sulfonamide group, an important pharmacophore for CA inhibitory activity, it was a remarkable finding that most of them were more effective on hCAs than acetazolamide (AAZ), the reference agent.
The effects of all isolated compounds at concentration of 10 µM, and a reference agent, meloxicam (20 µM) were further examined on LPS-induced COX-2 protein, mRNA expression and LPS-induced PGE2 production in RAW 246.7 cells by reported method with slight modification.
Moxifloxacin is the most widely used positive reference agent in clinical cardiac repolarization studies, but it has not been characterized in common marmosets which are uniquely suited to studies in early-stage development due to their small size and minimal test article requirements.
Docetaxel remains the reference agent in metastatic breast cancer (Hamilton & Hortobagyi 2005).
For instance, in some cases, GCA allows simple calculation of an equivalent dose of a reference agent.
The TEF method assumes that agent A has a concentration response curve parallel to the reference agent B with the same maximum (α A = α B).
The antibiotic streptomycin was included as reference agent in each assay while the extract-free solution was used as a blank control.
