references

USAGE SUMMARY

The word "references" is a correct and usable word in written English.
You can use it when you are referring to someone or something that can provide evidence of a person's abilities, accomplishments, employment history, or qualifications, such as in a job application. For example, "Please provide three professional references on your resume."

✓ Grammatically correct

News & Media

Film

Music

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

"I've read a series of glowing references on behalf of every one of you.

The Guardian

I came away feeling that if I wasn't already a Liberal Democrat, Nick's welcome references to sticking to our own values and beliefs may have been a tad confusing.

The Guardian - Opinion

His painting includes references to Arabic calligraphy as well as western graffiti styles.

The Guardian

This seems strange, given that Isabel Allende, among others, has made many references to law-making as a Chilean obsession.

The Guardian - Travel

Ilsar performs with long-time musical collaborators Daniel Pliner (synths) and Josh Ahearn (electric bass) as the Sticks and their debut single, World Maps, is funky and weird, with references to vintage video game music.

The Guardian - Music

Whether or not there was antisemitic intent behind the front page, the issue is complicated even further by the question of how far the Sun's readership will actually get the references.

The Guardian - Opinion

"Nearly all of those references are used to call our client's success into question or to characterise her personally as difficult.

The Guardian - Arts

The changes involved specific references to Denis O'Brien, the major shareholder of the paper's publishing company, Independent News & Media (INM).

The Guardian

However, Relæ's food also references the Italian background of the head chef, Christian Puglisi.

The Guardian

Detrow asked Wurzelbacher why he was biting McCain's hand, after it was McCain who shone the national spotlight on him by repeated references in a presidential candidates' debate.

The Guardian

I find both references misleading and unfair to the Lithuanian state.

The Guardian - Opinion

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When requesting "references" for a job application, specify the type of "references" you need (e.g., professional, academic, character) and the information you expect them to provide.

Common error

Avoid using the term "references" when you specifically mean "citations" in academic writing. "References" generally refer to people who can vouch for your skills, while "citations" list the sources you used in your research.

Linguistic Context

The term "references" primarily functions as a noun, often in its plural form, denoting individuals who can vouch for someone's abilities or character. Ludwig indicates its common usage in diverse contexts.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

News & Media

34%

Music

12%

Film

8%

Less common in

Formal & Business

7%

Science

6%

Books

5%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

The term "references" is a common and grammatically correct noun, predominantly used in its plural form. As Ludwig confirms, it signifies individuals who can attest to someone's character or abilities, serving to provide validation and support. Usage spans various registers, with prominent presence in "news & media", "film", and "music", showcasing its broad applicability. The term is commonly used as a general term, but when you mean a specific use of it (such as "citations" or "supporting documents"), you should use the right word for it.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

citations

Focuses specifically on the act of citing sources or works used in research or writing.

testimonials

Implies personal endorsements or statements attesting to someone's character or abilities.

credentials

Highlights qualifications, achievements, or qualities that inspire trust and credibility.

recommendations

Emphasizes endorsements or suggestions, typically for employment or opportunities.

supporting documents

Focuses on tangible evidence or files that provide additional information or verification.

sources

Refers broadly to the origins of information or support for a particular claim or statement.

allusions

Highlights indirect or subtle mentions, often of a literary or cultural nature.

mentions

Simply refers to the act of noting or speaking about something or someone.

pointers

Suggests directions or advice, often in a helpful or guiding manner.

cross-references

Indicates connections between different parts of a document or body of knowledge.

FAQs

How do I properly ask for "references" from a previous employer?

When requesting "references", provide your former employer with your updated resume, a brief description of the job you're applying for, and any specific qualities or skills you'd like them to highlight. This helps them provide relevant and impactful "testimonials".

What information should I include when providing "references" for someone?

As a "reference", focus on the candidate's skills, experience, and personal qualities that make them a good fit for the role. Provide specific examples and be honest in your assessment to give a fair and accurate "recommendations".

What's the difference between "references" and "supporting documents"?

"References" are typically individuals who can vouch for your skills and character, while "supporting documents" are physical or digital files (e.g., transcripts, certificates, portfolios) that provide concrete evidence of your qualifications. They serve as distinct but complementary "credentials".

When is it appropriate to include personal "references" instead of professional ones?

Personal "references" are suitable when applying for volunteer positions, internships, or situations where character and trustworthiness are highly valued. For professional roles, always prioritize professional "testimonials" that directly relate to your work experience and skills.