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Scatter plots comparing the mean endogenous allergen levels in non-GM soybean isoline grain with the respective levels in GM grain or concurrently grown non-GM commercial reference varieties clearly show that transgenesis causes less change compared with traditional breeding.
But until now, the GRACE Project adheres to the intransparent use of reference varieties.
The 87 foreign accessions were selected as being relevant to Italian rice breeding, or considered reference varieties at the international level.
Kojima et al. ([2005]) detected 554 alleles from 332 accessions of cultivated rice based on a genome-wide RFLP survey, and developed a rice diversity research set of 69 accessions of germplasm, including two reference varieties, Nipponbare and Kasalath.
The evaluation of characteristics of a GM organism with regard to the 'accepted limits of natural variations' - requiring data from unrelated reference varieties - is only mentioned in Art. 5 3. (f) in the context of labelling but not risk assessment.
Each of three reference varieties was planted at two sites, but each of the remaining 10 reference varieties at one site only.
Not always will there be datasets from field trials with reference varieties in their trial design.
The variation between reference varieties has been used to calculate equivalence limits.
Commercial reference varieties have also been included in animal feeding studies (e.g. [ 8, 12, 27, 28]).
In the first simulation study (reported in Table 1, upper part) the GMO mean was a random draw from the same distribution as the reference varieties, thus mimicking a stochastic equivalence between GMO and reference varieties.
For example, should equivalence intervals reflect the fact that reference varieties are likely to perform differently at different locations?
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