His research is on reference models and IT systems in the utility domain (electricity and gas).
As we will see, Mill thinks that much moral reasoning should be governed by secondary precepts or principles about such things as fidelity, fair play, and honesty that make no direct reference to utility but whose general observance does promote utility.
It is intended as reference for utility engineers processing DG interconnection applications.
The Verify system has taken three years to develop, and involves checking a user's identity against details from a range of sources, including credit reference agencies, utility bills, driving licences and mobile provider bills.
Our application, which integrates reference based utility models with elements of prospect theory and the disappointment model, helps in explaining the large premium attached to MBG contracts that cannot be explained by the expected utility framework.
So far, goals, weights reference and utility functions have been used to integrate preferences in MOEAs [29].
We detail how our results could be explained by a reference-dependent utility with internal costs of dishonesty that are convex in the magnitude of the lie, and show survey and simulation-based evidence that support this explanation.
When Kahneman and Tversky (1984) speak of the importance of reference points for utility maximization, they reconcile ordinal utility theory with the observation that judgment and evaluations are based on prior experiences.
For treatment comparison purposes, TWiST is used as the reference state with utility set equal to 1, representing the highest utility that can be expected for a patient with metastatic breast cancer.
Also, observed EQ-5D utilities and SOM scale scores among our study sample were significantly (P⩽0.01) more favourable compared to the age- and sex-adjusted EQ-5D utility reference scores from the Swedish general population (Burström, 2003) and sex-adjusted SOM scale reference scores from the Dutch general population (Arrindell and Ettema, 1986).
