For PET analysis of [11C]PIB, Scheinin et al. normalised the %ID using the ratio of individual and reference subjects' body weights (Equation 4) [7].
The results suggest that plasma concentration of phenformin in subjects carrying hOCT2 variant may be higher compared to reference subjects, as reported in metformin.
Sample population: data come from 478 subjects consisting of non-diabetic reference subjects, and patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Even though some organs such as the intestine may change their volume over time, we used the reference subjects' organ volumes over the time period of the calculation of the %ID.
where V (ml) is the organ volume, and V reference is V of the reference subject (we used a 70-kg adult male and 58-kg adult female as the male and female reference subjects) [16, 17].
For gene-environment interaction, individuals of the His/His genotype with non-drinker label were set as reference subjects.
*assuming no PC among reference subjects.
Healthy volunteers served as reference subjects.
We used neighborhood reference subjects as a background exposure group.
If more than 2 possible reference subjects were found, we randomly chose which to use.
In contrast, female patients with THA did not walk as fast as female reference subjects.
