The former refers to bias introduced by the use of different reference standards for positive and negative test results.
We believe that these data integration, standardization and annotation efforts are important steps toward the development of improved reference standards for drug-ADE associations.
Chromatogram of reference standards for 20 min measured at 472 and 285 nm, respectively.
Reference standards for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 were bought from Solarbio (Beijing, China).
The cost of generating accurate reference standards for medical image segmentation can be substantial.
Heavy metal reference standards for Cd, Cr, Pb, As, and Se were purchased from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan).
Inulin [4, 5] and creatinine [6, 7] clearances are accepted reference standards for determining GFR but are expensive and laborious.
PTB carries out investigations to develop, manufacture and calibrate reference standards for the coating thickness in the range from approximately 10 nm to 50 μm.
Reference standards for stanozolol, 3′-hydroxystanozolol, 3′-hydroxystanozolol glucuronide, 3′-hydroxystanozolol D3 and stanozolol D3 were purchased from LGC standards (Teddington, UK).
Both the reference standards for BQ and DMBQ were successfully derivatized and the expected masses for precursor ions and product ions were confirmed through QqQ-MS.
2ABD has been compared to AGD evaluated by Dance or Wu methods, which represent the reference standards, for 20 patients of our university hospital.
