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Observer differences can easily occur as illustrated in this study and our reference illustrations of the scoring system might improve observer agreement between observers and centres.
None of the reference illustrations was included in the radiographs from set 2. The reference images were not developed by the observers although observer 1 checked the quality of the reference illustrations before they were used in the study.
Between-observer agreement improved for hyperinflation when reference illustrations were used and correlations with lung function improved for the modified Chrispin-Norman score.
Physiotherapists will be also be provided with written definitions and quick reference illustrations of standardised operating procedures for each clinical examination used in the study.
The aim of our study was to determine the reproducibility of the modified Chrispin-Norman score including its components and to test whether a consensus meeting or reference illustrations could improve observer agreement.
After the second round a set of reference illustrations was developed for each scoring system item (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) by relating HRCT findings to chest radiograph findings for individuals in our cohort who had an HRCT and chest radiograph within one month.
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(See illustration for further reference) (See illustration for further reference) Make an angled "U" shape at the bottom, closing in the chin.
Even if the diversity is not referenced in the text, it can be referenced in illustrations".
Clicking on Human Genetics, for example, takes visitors to a lengthy menu of team links, each of which leads to information on what that team is working on, along with relevant references and illustrations.
The subject's themselves reference Enlightenment era illustrations and Romantic landscape paintings.
Lia's illustrations reference LSD tab art throughout the issue, so we liked that this would be like a big Easter egg in the magazine as well.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com