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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
refer to be
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "refer to be" is not correct and not usable in written English.
It seems to be a misunderstanding or misphrasing of "refer to" or "referred to as." Example: "Please refer to the guidelines for more information."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Wiki
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
1 human-written examples
Refer to Be a Water Princess for ideas.
Wiki
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
57 human-written examples
The deed he refers to is murder.
News & Media
The boy Kurzel refers to is Jamie Vlassakis.
News & Media
The virus referred to is segregation.
News & Media
The sticks he was referring to were polo mallets.
News & Media
All I was referring to was illegal immigrants.
News & Media
The studio Fletcher is referring to is that of Joseph and Clara Pilates.
News & Media
That resignation he was referring to was Drew's.
News & Media
What people are referring to is large numbers.
News & Media
The illness she's referring to is thyroid cancer.
News & Media
What Pettegree is referring to is the reporting of events.
News & Media
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Avoid using the phrase "refer to be" in your writing. Instead, use grammatically correct alternatives such as "refer to", "refer to as", or "is referred to as".
Common error
Do not confuse "refer to" with constructions that require a linking verb like "is" or "are". "Refer to" typically needs an object or a clarifying word like "as" to be grammatically correct. Instead, use phrases like "is referred to as".
Source & Trust
60%
Authority and reliability
1.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "refer to be" is grammatically incorrect. Proper usage involves using "refer to" followed by an object or using a construction like "is referred to as". As Ludwig AI explains, it's generally not usable in written English.
Frequent in
Science
0%
News & Media
0%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Science
0%
News & Media
0%
Formal & Business
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, the phrase "refer to be" is grammatically incorrect and should be avoided in formal writing. Ludwig AI confirms its non-standard usage. The single example found is from a Wiki source, further indicating its lack of authority. For correct usage, use alternatives such as "refer to", "refer to as", or "is referred to as" to maintain grammatical accuracy and clarity in your writing. Remember to consider the context to choose the most appropriate alternative.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
refer to
Removes the "be", correcting the grammatical structure for a standard reference.
refer to as
Adds "as" to create a more natural and grammatically sound phrase.
is referred to as
Uses the passive voice to describe how something is referenced.
relate to
Shifts the focus to the relationship between items, rather than a direct reference.
pertain to
Emphasizes relevance or connection to a topic.
concern
Focuses on the subject matter that something deals with.
apply to
Highlights the applicability of something to a specific situation or context.
be connected to
Indicates a link or association between two things.
have relevance to
Stresses the importance of something in relation to a particular subject.
bear upon
A more formal way of saying something affects or is relevant to something else.
FAQs
What is the correct way to use "refer to" in a sentence?
What can I say instead of the incorrect phrase "refer to be"?
Instead of "refer to be", you can use phrases like "refer to as" or "is referred to as" depending on the context. These alternatives are grammatically correct and commonly used.
Which is correct, "refer to be" or "refer to as"?
"Refer to as" is the correct phrase. "Refer to be" is grammatically incorrect and should be avoided. For example, "We refer to as this process the "X" method".
What's the difference between "refer to" and "refer to as"?
"Refer to" is used to direct attention to something, while "refer to as" is used to name or describe something. For example, "Refer to the document for details", but "This condition is referred to as a syndrome".
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
60%
Authority and reliability
1.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested