The reasons why, for example, South Asian women with FEP are more likely to involve a GP in their care, or more likely to self-refer compared with Black African women are likely to be complex and multifactorial [ 30].
Women with XDR TB might have been preferentially referred compared with men with XDR TB, women with MDR TB, or both.
Significant differences for those referred compared to those not referred were examined using the Pearson chi-square test and, if any of the expected frequencies was less than five, the Fisher exact test was used.
Woman who were proven to be BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in our research cohort were more frequently referred compared with the non-carriers in our cohort (34% vs 13%, P-value <0.001).
Moreover, in the future the results obtained from such studies can be referred, compared, and correlated with the results of clinical tests, such as tests of anterior tibial translation toward the thigh (Lachman's test and anterior drawer test), measurements of knee stability using arthrometers, and the pivot-shift test.
In the year before the start of the project, 63 out of 216 children with a psychosocial diagnosis (29) were referred, compared to 65 out of 250 (30) in the year after the start of the project and 68 out of 267 (20) a year later.
In addition, gender of the physician had a significant impact on referral rates with female physicians more likely to refer patients compared to male doctors.
In contrast, studies by Jungers et al, Wauters et al, Steel et al, and Arora et al did not find any age differences in patients with CKD who were referred early compared to those who were referred late [ 16, 18, 23, 27].
Of the 5997 women who delivered during the study period 45 cases of maternal deaths were noted, (death rates of 6.9% versus 0.5% in referred cases compared to non-referred, p < 0.001 and 0.04% versus 0.4%, p = 1.00 respectively amongst non-adolescent and adolescent parturients).
When the subjects referred for further treatment and those not referred were compared, no statistically significant gender differences were found between the two groups, but those who required further treatment were older.
The groups (those who died and had been referred (n=182) compared with those who died and were not referred to SPPCS (n=475)) did not differ significantly in terms of gender, deprivation category, ethnicity or year group of diagnosis.
