In summary, HDAC1/HDAC2 and HDAC3 have distinct non-redundant functions during replication and DNA repair.
Δ mst2 Δ gcn5 cells also showed increased sensitivity to MMS and CPT treatment relative to the two single mutants, suggesting that these two HAT enzymes make redundant contributions to replication-specific DNA damage.
Similar to the mitotic replication checkpoint, redundant and separable Mec1- and Rad53-dependent mechanisms maintain genome stability and prevent precocious cell-cycle progression in the presence of replication inhibition during meiosis (Labib and De Piccoli, 2011).
These results obtained in vitro are in agreement with in vivo data from Feuillet et al. [50] showing that TLR4,5−/− mice are hypersusceptible to lung infection by wild-type P. aeruginosa, and from our laboratory [27] demonstrating that TLR4 and TLR5 play major but redundant roles in controlling bacterial replication during host defense against P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
This may be one of many redundant mechanisms to ensure the replication of the inactive state (Chadwick and Willard 2002).
The major drawback of the replication-based RAID (redundant arrays of independent disks) architectures is that, in spite of the high redundancy level, they cannot balance the load increased by the disk failures and this results in reliability and access bandwidth reduction for processing the data access requests.
Polić, B. et al. Hierarchical and redundant lymphocyte subset control precludes cytomegalovirus replication during latent infection.
It is known that Chk1 has a major function in the DNA damage checkpoint but also plays a redundant role with Cds1 in DNA replication checkpoint [12].
Thus, the distal YXXΦ motif and the acidic cluster of the gM cytoplasmic tail were redundant for in vitro MuHV-4 replication, but the tail as a whole was not.
These nonessential ORFs likely encode proteins with redundant functions or proteins that modulate viral replication.
Therefore, depletion of either [Ro60/La/hY RNA] or [nucleolin/hY RNA] RNPs would still be consistent with redundant roles of either RNP complex in DNA replication.
