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In the parallel normalization, the reporter gene was added to the cDNA population as internal control at 1.0% redundant rate.
Redundant rate of the reporter gene was reduced from 1% to 0.025% after normalization which indicated 40 fold reduction in abundance.
Normalization efficiency was monitored by performing a parallel normalization in which chloramphenicol resistance gene was added to the cDNA at 1.0% redundant rate as internal control.
Before normalization, the reporter gene was added to the cDNA population to a redundant rate of about 1% which was found to be reduced to less than 0.025% after normalization.
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Booz Allen & Hamilton estimate that the employed-but-redundant rate rises by a percentage point every year the labour market stays as frozen as it is now.
The clustering of gene families was performed as previously described [ 87] and the software Solar (Version 0.9.6) was used to remove redundant members (match rate < 33%% or identities < 30%%).
Increasing the number of extra bits to reduce this probability implies that a larger percentage of transmitted bits will be redundant, yielding reduced rate-distortion (R-D) performance.
The observation that the combined FR and ISI information reflects an increased amount of repetition information confirms the representation of non-redundant information by rate and temporal codes also for low repetition rates in AAF.
The H2-recycle is then redundant, the intrinsic reaction rate can be utilized, and scale-up problems do not occur.
The high rate of redundant and highly similar accessions detected in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection is not surprising.
The rate of redundant SSR-containing clones was found to be comparable (26%) to other studies utilizing microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries in other plant species, e.g., olive tree (Olea europaea L., 16.6%) [ 25], onion (Allium cepa L. 24.3%) [ 23].
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