But often, area cladograms include widespread taxa (taxa present in more than one area), such as the ratite genus Casuarius in Australia and New Guinea, or redundant distributions (several taxa occurring in the same area), such as the kiwis and moas in New Zealand (Fig. 1c, center).
To handle widespread taxa, redundant distributions, and missing areas, a component analysis [ 76- 78] was performed in the program Component v. 2.0 [ 79, 80].
PC games will become game-console games, thus saving publishers from redundant distribution and increasing the market reach for game designers.
The purpose of this study took advantage of the topology optimization in the finite element (FE) method to look for redundant material distribution on a dental threaded implant and redesigned a new implant macrogeometry with the evaluation of its biomechanical functions.
The clustering results show the internal structure of the combined dataset including number of non-redundant sequences, distribution of clustering, number of singletons, etc.
Thus, if the two genes have relatively few conserved two-fold redundant codons, the distributions of f2Y and f2R should be rather large, just as the distribution of the outcome of trials of a coin weighted to come up heads 90% of the time will be broad if the trials each contain only a few coin tosses, but less broad if the trials each contain many tosses.
Owing to repetition of cutting, stacking and roll-bonding in the ARB, a complicated redundant shear strain distribution is expected through the sheet thickness.
To provide an estimate that better approximates the real metabolic flux distribution, redundant measurements were used to balance (adjust) the measured fluxes according to their normalized variances to obtain a weighted-least squares solution [ 43].
Assuming that the GH joint translates according to the muscle load distribution, the redundant muscle load sharing problem is formulated considering as design variables the 3 translational coordinates associated with the GH joint translations, the joint reaction forces associated with the remaining kinematic constraints, and the muscle activations.
However, the initial identified set of informative markers by PCA is very redundant, see the summarized distribution of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) measure <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013734.e021.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> in Table 1.
However, the frequency distribution of redundant paralogs per gene is skewed to the left, meaning that the largest categories are genes with relatively few redundant paralogs.
