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The electrochemical window of the imidazolinium was slightly extended in the reductive direction, due to the lower proton activity produced by the cation in this case.
A key branch in the partial TCA cycle of B. pilosicoli and B. murdochii involved 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA and fumarate, precursors that could proceed in either the oxidative or reductive direction.
Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was determined spectrophotometrically in the reductive direction at 30°C using a spectrophotometer U-20100, Hitachi).
Presence of fumarate reductase (menaquinone) instead indicates that the C4 –dicarboxylic acid branch of the citric acid cycle is used in the reductive direction.
Subcellular fractions of rat brain were also used to investigate the actions of fluoxetine on 3α-HSD activity in both the reductive direction, producing allopregnanolone from 5α-dihydroprogesterone, and the reverse oxidative direction.
Actually, oxaloacetate is produced from pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate by the anaplerotic enzymes, Pyc and PckA, respectively, and then oxaloacetate is converted to 2-oxoglutarate by operating the TCA cycle in the reductive direction.
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To check for hysteresis, each redox titration was performed in both oxidative and reductive directions.
Under certain conditions (hypoxia), the tumor TCA cycle can work in both forward and reverse (reductive) directions (129, 130).
The iCAC490 model also contains an updated TCA cycle that operates in both oxidative and reductive directions to succinate, as shown by recent fluxomics studies [ 52, 53].
The potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) as −76 and −124 mV in the oxidative and reductive directions, respectively, at pH 8, significantly higher than the potential of aqueous bisimidazole heme and earlier bis-His-ligated designed proteins.
It's a reductive way to treat both of them.
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