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The thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of samples before and after reduction were measured using a dilatometer.
The shrinkage and extensibility of pipe reduction were measured and calculated.
The CRE and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, initial sludge settling velocity, final sludge height and turbidity reduction were measured.
The cobalt particles before and after reduction were measured using TEM and XRD; it is shown that the main phase of cobalt over the catalyst before activation in the Co/SiO2 ZrO2 IC is 19.5 nm, and that over the urea containing catalyst Co/SiO2 ZrO2 urea is 13.3 nm.
Reductions of HMF and furfural reduction were measured as described in [ 33].
Water proton relaxivities for isomers 1-I and 1-II and the oxidized 1-O before and after disulfide reduction were measured on 0.5, 1.5, and 3 T clinical MRI scanners (Supporting Information Figure S7).
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Over time, the extent of variance reduction is measured.
Similar water contact angle reduction was measured for Frit glaze with negligible difference.
The mass reduction was measured on days 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40.
By means of atomic absorption spectrometry, the amount of Ag+ reduction was measured and calculated.
The efficiency for organic load reduction and the percent reduction was measured using the following equation (Piro et al. 2011).
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