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Through-thickness microstructural variations and their synergistic influence on degree of sensitization in grain boundary engineering (GBE) treated 304L stainless steel was compared with solution-annealed and marginally cold-worked (~ 3% thickness reduction) specimens.
Normal breast tissue was selected and taken from different sites of breast reduction specimens.
Fibroblasts were derived from mammary reduction specimens (NAF) and from primary breast cancers (CAF).
In histologically normal epithelium from breast reduction specimens MS110 revealed nuclear labelling in approximately 1 5% of epithelial cells.
The tissue samples from the breast reduction specimens consisted predominantly of adipose tissue, but interspersed fibrous areas were selected for fibroblast isolation.
To set methylation cut-off values, non-paired normal breast tissue (n = 25) was used from breast reduction specimens (mean age 39.4 years; n = 15) and autopsy specimens (mean age 48.9 years; n = 10), with no significant difference in age compared to breast cancer patients (p = 0.338).
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Differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs were not identified from tumor adjacent normal tissues vs. tumor tissues but were identified only when tumor tissues were compared with reduction mammoplasty specimens, further suggesting that reduction mammoplasty specimens may be the optimal baseline tissue [ 30].
For comparison, the collection included 29 normal reduction mammoplasty specimens (19 from ENH and 10 from UNMC), 10 benign hyperplasia specimens (ENH) and 36 DCIS specimens (ENH).
In this context it is noteworthy that the prophylactic mastectomy specimen for BRCA1 showed higher levels of Mcm2 expression than the reduction mammoplasty specimens.
Our choice of reduction mammoplasty specimens from apparently healthy subjects was based on the recent literature evidence that comparisons between reduction mammoplasty specimens and tumor adjacent normal tissues showed differential expression of miRNAs, suggesting that adjacent normal tissue may not mirror the normal tissue in terms of histological and molecular characteristics [ 29].
Fibroblasts were isolated from reduction mammoplasty specimens and purity confirmed as previously described [ 28].
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