Cells were treated with thapsigargin at concentration ranging from 0 to 300 nM and 24 h later, cell viability was evaluated by using the AlamarBlue oxidation reduction indicator (Serotec Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom) following manufacture's instructions.
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were treated with eleven approved antibiotics, lysostaphin, or Conflikt®, exposed to the oxidation reduction indicator Alamar blue, and reduction relative to untreated controls was determined visually and spectrophotometrically.
In order to limit the impact of this reduction, indicators were developed and practical measures put forth which should serve to maintain biological diversity, but generally pay too little attention to different natural area conditions.
Ferrous 1,10-phenanthroline, an oxidation-reduction indicator, changes from red to pale blue when the oxidation potential of the solution is increased from 1.04 to 1.08 volts; and diphenylcarbazone, an indicator for mercuric ion, changes from yellow to violet when the mercuric ion concentration is increased from 0.000001 to 0.00001 mole per litre.
Resazurin is an oxidation-reduction indicator used for the evaluation of microbial growth.
AB is an indicator dye that incorporates an oxidation-reduction indicator that changes colour in response to the chemical reduction in growth medium, resulting from cell viability.
Then, each well was added with 20 μl of 10× alamar blue which is an oxidant-reduction indicator that changes colour from dark blue to bright pink in response to chemical reduction of the growth medium in the presence of bacterial viability.
We cultured Ba/F3 cells (transduced with empty vector or GMRα-encoding vectors) in the presence of IL-3 or GM-CSF, and assessed cell proliferation daily by determining the percentage of reduction of Alamarblue, an oxidation-reduction indicator that changes color in response to metabolic activity [ 20].
Since there was a need for rapid, easy to perform and qualitative method for predicting the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) for NTM isolates, Mshana et al [ 13] developed a rapid colorimetric method employing oxidation-reduction indicator Tetrazolium bromide to perform drug susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis which was found to be promising and cost effective [ 14].
AlamarBlue is a tetrazolium-based dye, incorporating resazurin and resorufin as oxidation-reduction indicators that yield colorimetric changes and a fluorescent signal in response to metabolic activity (27).
These include BACTEC 460 radiometric TB system [ 16], BACTEC MGIT 960[ 29], Etest [ 22, 23], nitrate reductase assay (NRA) [ 30], microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay [ 31], and other microplate assays using oxidation-reduction indicators [ 32] for early detection of growth.
