This implies that reduction in oxygen vacancy concentration during vacuum annealing is not due to elimination of configurations leading to filled states near the VBM, but rather of configurations that result in shallow donor levels.
CSUs are also considering reductions in vacancies as well as other options such as changes to work patterns".
One order of magnitude increase in tracer diffusion coefficient at about 400 °C would arise from a 0.14 eV reduction in the vacancy formation enthalpy and/or in the migration barrier (eq 11 ).
On the north end of Union Square, where the city has installed a plaza and a protected bike path, the department said there was a 49 percent reduction in commercial vacancies.
As the film grows, the stress in the film is reduced and as a result, there is a reduction in the nitrogen vacancies.
XPS analyses of O-Al-O bond fractions at the surface of a zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) short-term (20 months in vivo) femoral heads retrieval showed a ~50% reduction in favor of oxygen vacancy O-Al-VO and hydroxylated Al-O-H bonds.
The reduction in numbers of graduate vacancies in 2009 is now projected to be much less significant than was at first feared, as employers appreciate the need to keep their workforce strong for when the upturn comes.
From the school-side, a reduction in the number of vacancies from good schools means lower competition for highly desirable teachers for good schools that are still in the market.
Based on this recombination model, the reduction in the concentrations of oxygen vacancies will decrease the concentration of recombination centers, and thus decrease the intensity of green luminescence.
Our XPS and UPS results suggest a reduction in the concentration of shallow donor oxygen vacancy sites upon vacuum annealing.
