Alternatively, the effect on reduction in effective population size may be too small to be detected or may be affected by the method of estimation of ω [ 57].
Similarly, in some cases, there is evidence in the literature for population bottlenecks in the wild relatives, and this parallel change may make it harder to detect any effect of reduction in effective population size in the domesticated lineages.
These transitions occur despite the deleterious effects of self-fertilisation, which include inbreeding depression, reduction in effective recombination rates and reduction in effective population size [ 11].
This means that even if statutory rates are simultaneously reduced, there may not be any reduction in effective marginal tax rates, depending on what deductions are restricted or eliminated and how it is done.
The reflectance also caused a reduction in effective contrast, which is bad news for reading print.
At lower frequencies the switching power reduces due to reduction in effective switching rate.
The adsorption of polymerase by CdTe QDs would lead to a reduction in effective polymerase concentration.
A recent study suggests that iterative techniques may allow a reduction in effective radiation exposure by approximately 50%[57]].
Should be "For all the 18 F substances, there is a reduction in effective dose estimation by 26%% in average".
"For all the 18 F substances, there is a reduction in effective dose estimation by 29%% in average".
The gains can be attributed to a mix of diversity benefits and reduction in effective path loss due to relay location.
